Egg mitochondrial supplements, in the end, which are IQ tax, which efficient and practical

　　
　　Mitochondrial supplements, which we have covered in countless science articles, because mitochondria are so important to the egg, the circle has seen an investigation.
　　To clarify the relationship between mitochondria and embryonic development, researchers collected human unfertilised oocytes, early embryos and embryos with arrested development.
　　It was found that 67% of unfertilised oocytes had fewer mitochondria in the cytoplasm, and 60% of developmentally aborted embryos had a reduced number of mitochondria located near the nucleus.
　　In oocytes, mitochondrial populations are maternally inherited and critical for developmental competence.
　　Dysfunction of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms may lead to reproductive failure, and because of their central role in oocyte and embryo development, mitochondria have been described as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for assisted reproduction.
　　The latest issue of Reproductive Global Topicals is also focusing on mitochondrial research and takes a look at the common mitochondrial supplements available on the market, so let’s follow along with the Topicals article and pick out the mitochondrial supplements that are best for you.
　　01 Coenzyme Q10
　　Coenzyme Q10 is mainly an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain with antioxidant properties.
　　Studies in mice, cattle, pigs and sheep have shown improved mitochondrial function after administration of Coenzyme Q10.
　　Similarly, the addition of coenzyme Q10 to the embryo culture medium resulted in a significant increase in the maturation rate of advanced oocytes (82.6% vs 63.0%) and a decrease in the rate of oocyte aneuploidy (36.8% vs 65.5%).
　　A study investigating follicular fluid from humans undergoing in vitro fertilisation cycles found that daily oral administration of coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement at a dose of 200 mg resulted in a significant increase in the active form of coenzyme Q10 in follicular fluid, an effect that was particularly pronounced in women aged 35 years and older.
　　Elevated levels of coenzyme Q10 in follicular fluid were associated with optimal embryonic morphological parameters and higher pregnancy rates.
　　A meta-analysis including five randomised clinical trials concluded that oral coenzyme Q10 resulted in higher clinical pregnancy rates compared to placebo and no treatment.
　　This positive effect remained significant even when data from women with poor ovarian response and polycystic ovary syndrome were analysed separately, however, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of live birth or miscarriage rates.
　　This evidence strongly suggests that coenzyme Q10 is a well-deserved number one mitochondrial supplement, and if you are concerned about poor egg quality and high rates of embryonic aneuploidy, coenzyme Q10 is basically a must-have supplement with less controversy.
　　02MitoQ
　　We haven’t talked about this mitochondrial supplement, you can understand that it is an antioxidant for the mitochondria that directly eliminates excess reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria.
　　The reason why we haven’t talked about this supplement is because there are no trials of this supplement being taken orally in humans.
　　It is usually added to the embryo petri dish, which is operated by a fertility centre laboratory, and there is no way for us as individual patients to take the supplement.
　　So, if someone recommends this supplement to you, then be sure to decline, it’s intellectually taxing.
　　All of the following features are found in a petri dish, not orally or by injection, again, specifically.
　　In a mouse model, treatment with MitoQ significantly increased the rate of maturation, fertilisation and embryonic cell development in oocytes subjected to oxidative stress.
　　MitoQ has the ability to restore mitochondrial membrane potential and spindle function while ensuring proper chromosome alignment in oocytes from older mice.
　　MitoQ induces mitochondrial phagocytosis, which results in the elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria in oxidatively stressed oocytes and ultimately enhances oocyte competence.
　　Eighty-nine GV-stage human oocytes were randomly assigned to mature under control conditions or in the presence of 50 nM MitoQ.
　　Results revealed a significant increase in maturation rates independent of maternal age (51% versus 77%), an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential, and a significant decrease in the percentage of oocytes with chromosomal mismatches compared to controls (25% and 61%, respectively)
　　In conclusion, a series of studies did find that MitoQ does have potential for improving oocyte quality because of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant function, and more studies are likely to be conducted in the future in anticipation of a reliable product being put into the clinic.

03 Resveratrol
　　Resveratrol, a natural compound that activates the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), promotes mitochondrial recovery from damage caused by oocyte and embryo cryopreservation.
　　Two of the human randomised controlled studies are of interest.
　　In the first randomised controlled study, in patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, the group treated with resveratrol showed an increase in high quality oocytes and high quality embryos.
　　However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of mature oocytes, cleavage rates, fertilisation rates or pregnancy rates per embryo transfer.
　　A second randomised controlled study showed that the resveratrol group had a significantly higher number of mature oocytes, exhibited higher fertilisation rates, more cleavage embryos and blastocysts per patient, and more cryopreserved embryos.
　　However, no significant differences were found in biochemical or clinical pregnancy, live birth or miscarriage rates.
　　Recent studies have found differences in follicular fluid miRNA expression following resveratrol treatment, differences that primarily control mitochondrial proteins and can regulate metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis.
　　This suggests that resveratrol shows promising potential for improving in vitro fertilisation outcomes.
　　04 Rapamycin
　　Rapamycin is a macrolide metabolite that regulates cell growth, metabolism, differentiation and senescence, and its role in fertility has been demonstrated primarily through animal models.
　　In mouse experiments, rapamycin administration demonstrated its ability to correct abnormal spindle organisation and chromosome misalignment in oocytes, enhance cytoplasmic maturation, and improve blastocyst development by promoting mitochondrial activation, fission and mitochondrial phagocytosis.
　　A study involving 202 donated immature oocytes reported that the maturation rate of rapamycin-treated and control oocytes increased by 82.7 per cent and 63.4 per cent, respectively, within 48 hours.
　　Following ICSI, the rapamycin group achieved a higher proportion of high-quality embryos compared with the control group (34.2% versus 22.1%).
　　In another study comparing infertile follicular fluid in patients with endometriosis, it was shown that 3 months of rapamycin treatment resulted in a decrease in biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and aging.
　　Fewer days of ovarian stimulation and an increased number of mature oocytes were produced in the rapamycin-treated compared to the control group.
　　In addition, the rapamycin-treated group had significantly higher rates of fertilisation, implantation and clinical pregnancy, as well as a higher rate of live births.
　　Of course there are studies that suggest that rapamycin does not improve oocyte maturation and aneuploidy rates, especially in younger patients.
　　Therefore, rapamycin needs more additional studies to determine its efficacy in assisted reproduction treatment outcomes, and both dosage and administration methods need to be carefully evaluated.
　　As to whether we can use rapamycin now, we feel it is better to use something with more certainty, and studies have yet to determine the optimal dose, let alone clinical practice.
　　The dose is too large and toxic, but too small and ineffective. Rapamycin needs to be followed up with more studies, and should be used with caution in clinical practice.

05Nicotinamide Mononucleotide
　　We look at the name is not a little do not know what? Abbreviated as NMN, we have previously talked about the popularity of this drug, the latest heavy research: poor egg quality in advanced age has a solution, improve fertility is so simple?
　　It is an essential NAD+ precursor and plays a key role in regulating cellular NAD+ levels.
　　NAD+ levels in different tissues continue to decline with age and this decline has been linked to a range of age-related diseases.
　　In recent studies using animal models, the potential effect of NMN on the age-related decline in oocyte quality was investigated.
　　In aged mice, in vivo injection of NMN significantly improved oocyte quality, increased ovulation rates, and increased birth rates by restoring mitochondrial function and inhibiting reactive oxygen species accumulation.
　　Addition of NMN to the embryo culture medium improved embryo development from oocytes of aged mice but not from young mice.
　　This intervention effectively addressed the age-related lack of NAD+ levels in oocytes.
　　Another study also found that long-term NMN treatment improved age-related reductions in ovarian reserve by increasing sinus follicles in mice.
　　In addition to mouse studies, researchers have recently studied porcine oocytes and found positive effects of NMN administration on aging oocytes after ovulation.
　　NMN was found to enhance mitochondrial function and embryonic development while reducing reactive oxygen species levels and abnormal spindle morphology.
　　Despite promising results from animal studies, to date there are no human trials of NMN’s efficacy in treating mitochondrial dysfunction and aging-induced infertility, and only safety studies have been conducted in humans.
　　Therefore, if someone recommends spermidine to you to improve egg quality, you should not believe it, because so far there are no relevant human trials, only human safety studies.
　　Whether it’s oral or infused, it’s not trustworthy, the latest literature hasn’t even been studied yet, and there’s no guarantee of safety for clinical use, end of story.
　　Basically, all the popular mitochondrial supplements have been mentioned, but the circle sister believes that relying on supplements alone is not enough, and our body itself should also be well adjusted.
　　In addition, the rapamycin-treated group had significantly higher rates of fertilisation, implantation and clinical pregnancy, as well as a higher rate of live births.
　　Of course there are studies that suggest that rapamycin does not improve oocyte maturation and aneuploidy rates, especially in younger patients.
　　Therefore, rapamycin needs more additional studies to determine its efficacy in assisted reproduction treatment outcomes, and both dosage and administration methods need to be carefully evaluated.
　　As to whether we can use rapamycin now, we feel it is better to use something with more certainty, and studies have yet to determine the optimal dose, let alone clinical practice.
The dose is too large and toxic, but too small and ineffective. Rapamycin needs to be followed up with more studies, and should be used with caution in clinical practice. […] […] […] […]