Surrogacy News

  • ALL
  • Surrogacy techniques
  • Company News
  • Surrogacy Industry News
    • Male stress affects offspring?Nature reveals sperm RNA genetic code

    Male stress actually rewrites offspring genes? Nature reveals transgenerational genetic code of sperm RNAs

    2025-06-12

    University of Pennsylvania breakthrough study: Stress remodels sperm small RNA through extracellular vesicles, permanently altering offspring brain development trajectories I. Shocking data: How stress destroys male fertility 10 years of Israeli sperm bank research reveals the truth Subjects: 11,235 semen samples (including 659 during the military conflict)  Stress-exposed group: 47% drop in sperm motility (p<0.001), 35% spike in DNA fragmentation index (DFI)  Key findings:  The percentage of normal sperm morphology fell below the WHO threshold (<4%) for those who had been under constant stress for >3 months  It took 90 days after the stress was lifted for sperm parameters to return to baseline  Dr. Ben-Gurion University, Israel Dr. Levitas of Gurian University warns: “Stress harms sperm far more than cigarettes! 44% of smokers remain fertile, while the chronic stress group has a 61% infertility rate”. II. The mechanism of transgenerational inheritance deciphered: how the stress imprint is written into the genes of the offspring Animal experiments: subversive findings in corticosterone stress modeling Experimental design: Mice were injected with the stress hormone corticosterone → Extracellular vesicles (EVs) of seminal vesicles were extracted → Co-cultured with normal sperm → Embryo transplantation Offspring performance: Abnormal brain development: disrupted neuronal migration in prefrontal cortex  Stress response dysregulation: peak cortisol levels were 58% higher in response to stress in adulthood compared to controls  Behavioral alterations: 3.2-fold increase in social avoidance behaviors (p<0.001) Human Validation: Penn College Stress Tracking Program Study protocol:  Recruited 268 men, provided monthly semen samples + stress self-assessment scale (PSS-10)  Continuous monitoring for 6 months  RNA sequencing revealed:  Mutations in sperm tsRNA expression profiles in high-pressure months (PSS>25)  Key molecule: tsRNA-Gly-GCC upregulated 3.8-fold, directly regulating embryonic neural crest cell differentiation III. Extracellular vesicles: biological letter carriers for stress information 1. Structural metamorphosis of EVs pressure state Diameter change Carrier change functional impact…

    Placental abruption alert: 72 hours of life and death with loss of fetal movement

    Deadly Warning of Fetal Motion Disappearing at 38 Weeks｜International Center for Perinatal Medicine

    2025-06-11

    Lancet 2025: Placental abruption responsible for 20% of stillbirths globally, underdiagnosis of preeclampsia tops list of culprits I.Scarlet Dawn: 72 hours of life and death for a 29-year-old pregnant woman in Madrid Sophia Martínez (pseudonym), G1P0 at 38 weeks gestation, kept a pregnancy diary recording the abnormal trajectory:  Day 1: sudden onset of tearing pain in the lower abdomen accompanied by shivering, with a sharp decrease in fetal movement by 80%  Day 3: “improved” after self-administration of paracetamol, with a complete disappearance of fetal movement  Day 5: emergency blood pressure of 140/100mmHg, with ultrasound confirmation of fetal heart stoppage Cesarean section shocked the truth: Placental abruption >50% (bluish-purple ecchymosis spreading on uterine wall)  Bloody amniotic fluid coagulation clot (total 800ml)  Uterine Stroke Index Score of 9 (severe)  Dr. Carlos Rivera, Madrid Emergency Obstetrics Unit, warns, “Abnormal fetal movement is the last distress signal of the fetus, and for every hour delay in consulting the doctor, the risk of stillbirth rises by 11%!” II. Placental abruption: a bloody storm hidden in the uterine cavity Pathologic nature: chain reaction of collapse of the meconium vasculature Spasticity of spiral arteries –> hemorrhage of the underlying meconium –> formation of a retroplacental hematoma –> enlargement of the placental abruption surface –> blood infiltration of the myometrium –> uteroplacental stroke Global Risk Factor Mapping risk level Core factors Relative risk (RR) extremely high risk pre-eclampsia 8.2 high risk Abdominal trauma/excessive amniotic fluid 4.7 critical Smoke inhalation > 10 sticks/day 3.1 low risk Advanced age (≥35 years)/multiple births (≥3) 1.8 III. Preeclampsia: The Neglected Invisible Killer (Sophia’s True Etiology) Hidden trajectory of progression: 12 weeks gestation: fasting glucose 6.8 mmol/L (no intervention)  28 weeks gestation: blood pressure fluctuating 130-140/85 mmHg (no monitoring)  38 weeks gestation: urine protein 0.86g/24h + platelets 85×10³/μl Three fatal lapses: Glucose indulgence:…

    Did iron deficiency during pregnancy actually cause fetal sex reversal? Nature study reveals developmental code

    Did iron deficiency during pregnancy actually cause fetal sex reversal? Nature study reveals developmental code

    2025-06-10

    Cambridge team confirms that iron ions are required to drive SRY gene expression, and that maternal iron deficiency may trigger ovarian development in male embryos. I. Reversal of cognition: abnormal sex development in an iron-deficient environment In June 2025, Nature published a breakthrough study from the National Institute of Genetics, Japan: Experimental design: Pregnant mice received a low-iron diet (iron content reduced to 40% of normal) during the critical period for sex determination (equivalent to 5-12 weeks of human pregnancy)  Amazing sex reversal: 5 out of 72 XY chromosome mice developed ovarian tissue (4 were fully feminized, and 1 formed an ovary-testis chimera)  Molecular mechanism: inactivation of the iron-dependent enzyme KDM3A → silencing of the SRY gene → termination of testis developmental program Developmental biologist Dr. James Wilson of the University of Oxford paraphrases, “SRY is the ‘ignition switch’ for male development, and the ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) is the key that activates this switch. When maternal iron reserves are depleted, XY embryos may shift to the female developmental pathway.” II. The Global Status of Iron Deficiency: the Neglected Crisis of Pregnancy 1 Epidemiology of iron deficiency in Asian pregnant women shore anemia rate Characteristics of high-risk groups East Asian 38.2% 12% higher in rural than urban areas Southeast Asia 45.7% Vegetarian pregnant women have a 3-fold increased risk southern Asia 52.1% High prevalence among those with <2 years between second births (Source: WHO 2025 Global Nutrition Report) 2. The hidden dangers of iron deficiency Early symptoms: fatigue, hair loss, inattention (often mistaken for “normal pregnancy reactions”)  Diagnostic pitfalls: normal hemoglobin ≠ iron sufficiency! Serum ferritin <30μg/L suggests deficiency  Window period specificity: fetal gender differentiation occurs in early pregnancy, while traditional iron supplementation begins in mid-pregnancy – too late! III. Lifelong imprinting of iron status on offspring: beyond gender reversal ▶…

    Complete Guide to Natural Cycle and Ovulation Program Monitoring

    A Complete Guide to Monitoring Natural Cycles and Ovulation Promotion Programs

    2025-05-29

    Johns Hopkins Study Confirms Ultrasound Fusion Technology Enables Ovulation Prediction Accuracy to Top 96 Percent I.The Precise Biological Clock of Follicular Development Four key stages in the 85-day developmental journey maldevelopment time window core event Clinical monitoring priorities sinusoidal follicle recruitment Days 1-4 of the cycle FSH sensitivity ↑, 3-11 follicles (2-5mm) activated AFC count + base FSH Dominant Follicle Selection Days 5-7 of the cycle FSH threshold mechanism eliminates the weak, only 1-2 wins Difference in diameter >4mm indicates that selection is complete. exponential growth period Days 8-14 of the cycle 1.5-3 mm daily increase, steep rise in E2 secretion Daily ultrasound + E2 dynamic tracking ovulation trigger Day 14-16 of the cycle LLH peak triggers collagenase cleavage of follicle wall Urine LH test paper peak + disappearance of follicular translucency area Key Finding: According to Dr. Emma Wilson of the Reproduction Laboratory, University of Cambridge, “Follicular fluid stem cell factor (SCF) concentration is a hidden predictor of ovulation quality, with a 40% increase in the rate of implantation in those with a concentration of >8.5ng/ml” II.Hormonal Symphony: Decoding the Chemical Language of Follicular Development Recruitment phase (cycle D3): Ideal value is 3-10 IU/L, >12 IU/L suggests a decrease in ovarian reserve.Selective phase (cycle D7): physiologic decline to 5-8 IU/L, persistent elevation predicts follicular atresia Follicle diameter E2 reasonable range Abnormal risk and clinical significance 10-12mm 50-100 pg/ml <50 → delayed follicular development (need to check thyroid function or nutritional status); >150 → risk of multiple follicles (alert for ovarian hyperstimulation) 14-16mm 150-250 pg/ml Slope <20 pg/ml/day requires intervention (suggests granulocyte insufficiency, suggests increased FSH dose) ≥18mm 250-400 pg/ml Delayed peak (>36 hours without LH peak) suggests defective LH response (requires GnRH agonist remedy) Golden window: 32±4 hours after serum LH>40 IU/L for ovulationNew type of monitoring: Saliva Crystallization…

    Metformin is the hidden key to IVF success

    Metformin is the hidden key to IVF success

    2025-05-28

    According to Dr. Emily Carter, Chief Specialist at the London Center for Reproductive Medicine, “In the ovarian microenvironment, metformin acts as a precision tuner, recalibrating insulin signaling and metabolic rhythms to play the perfect prelude to embryo attachment.” Insulin resistance: the hidden killer of fertility About 33% of women of childbearing age worldwide have insulin resistance – a metabolic disorder that silently undermines the molecular basis of fertility. A Harvard Medical School 2025 study found: Insulin resistance reduces egg mitochondrial function by 40 percentEndometrial tolerance gene expression is reduced by 53 percentClinical pregnancy rates are 28% lower than in metabolically normal individualsAnd the intervention of metformin is opening up a new path of hope for such patients. I. Molecular Mechanism of Action: A Fertility Revolution Beyond Glucose Reduction Metformin achieves triple precision regulation by activating the AMPK signaling pathway14: Oocyte energy optimization: boosting mitochondrial ATP production by 300% and correcting meiotic errorsAndrogen storm calming: inhibits ovarian P450c17α enzyme activity and reduces testosterone levels by 67Follicle synchronization breakthrough: regulate AMH/FoxO3 signaling axis to increase mature follicle rate up to 82 Discovered by a team from the University of Cambridge through laser confocal microscopy 28: Neovascularization: 45% increase in endometrial vascular density in the metformin group (VEGF/KDR pathway activation)Glycogen reserve: 3.2-fold elevation of glycogen deposition in glandular epithelial cells (enhanced GLUT4 translocation)Immune homeostasis: modulation of Th1/Th2 ratio from 5.8 to 1.3, reducing the risk of embryo rejectionTypical case: Emma O’Sullivan (32 years old, PCOS combined with insulin resistance) in Ireland, after three months of metformin pretreatment, the expression of endometrial tolerance gene HOXA10 was increased 4-fold, and high-quality blastocysts were obtained and pregnancy was successfully achieved. II.Four pillars of clinical benefit Metabolomics studies reveal17: Optimization of follicular fluid lactate/pyruvate ratio from 12.8 to 1.5 (threshold for ideal embryonic development)Oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG…

    Follicular phase determines the golden window for fertility success

    Follicular phase determines the golden window for fertility success

    2025-05-26

    In the sophisticated symphony of life, the follicular phase, like the conductor’s preparatory beat, determines the quality of the entire fertility movement. According to the Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine 2025, abnormalities in the hormonal environment during the follicular phase can lead to 73% of ovulation disorders and 45% of embryo quality defects. I. The molecular code of the follicular phase: the triple metamorphosis from dormancy to awakening Hormonal characteristics: FSH (5-10 IU/L) to LH ratio close to 1, estradiol <50 pg/mLBiological metaphor: like a cluster of sleeping seeds in a forest, the ovary recruits 3-11 primordial follicles to start the “survival race” of “survival of the best”.Clinical warning: AMH <1.1 ng/mL suggests a decline in ovarian reserve and the need for fertility preservation programs. Selection mechanism: the follicle with the lowest FSH threshold wins, with daily growth of 1-2 mm, and positive feedback triggered by estrogen exceeding 200 pg/mL.Ultrasound monitoring: endometrial resistance to blood flow index (RI) should be <0.88 when the dominant follicle diameter is >10mmNutritional requirements: 30 g of high quality protein (salmon/quinoa) and 800 μg of folic acid per day are required to enhance the antioxidant capacity of follicular fluid by 3 times Explosive growth: 24 hours before LH peak trigger, follicle growth rate reaches 3mm per day, zona pellucida glycoprotein completes sperm recognition codingEnergy revolution: mitochondrial DNA copy number exceeds 200,000, providing ample ATP reserves for the embryoGold standard: 18-25mm in diameter, spherical shape (L/D <1.5) is the best ovulation pattern. II.The Three Hidden Killers of Follicular Phase Abnormalities FSH/LH ratio >3: suggests ovarian reserve decline, 40% decrease in the number of eggs won in IVF.Estrogen fluctuation: Estradiol <100 pg/mL leads to suppression of endometrial tolerance gene (HOXA10) expression.Solution: Pulsed GnRH therapy to re-establish hypothalamic-pituitary axis rhythms. Mechanism: 20% of mature follicles fail to degrade…

    60% of adverse pregnancies are directly linked to nutritional imbalances

    60% of adverse pregnancies are directly linked to nutritional imbalances

    2025-05-23

    Nutrition during Pregnancy When life is being nurtured in the womb, the mother’s nutritional status is like a precision-engineered “molecular blueprint” that directly influences the embryo at every stage of its development. According to the International Federation for Reproductive Medicine 2025 report, 62.3% of pregnancy complications worldwide are directly related to nutritional imbalances – a figure that far exceeds that of chromosomal abnormalities (18.7%) and immunologic factors (15.9%) combined. This article combines groundbreaking research from Harvard Medical School and The Lancet Global Health to demystify the overlooked nutritional code of pregnancy. I. Molecular-level destructive mechanisms of nutritional imbalance During the early stages of embryonic development, 90% of the mother’s ATP reserves need to be consumed, and the lack of micronutrients, such as iron and magnesium, will directly lead to the dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The UCLA study found that pregnant women with ferritin levels <30ng/mL in early pregnancy had a 3-fold increase in embryonic neural tube closure failure. Key Data: Zinc deficiency reduces trophoblast invasiveness by 47 percentVitamin D deficiency (<30ng/mL) results in a 62% reduction in placental angiogenic factors Abnormal folate metabolism leads to disturbed DNA methylation. Pregnant women carrying the MTHFR C677T gene mutation who are not supplemented with active folate (5-MTHF) have an 89% increased risk of fetal imprinted genetic abnormalities. Synergistic deficiency of vitamin B12 exacerbates this impairment, creating a “methylation trap”. The Ohio State University 2025 study showed that iron overload during pregnancy (serum iron >150 μg/dL) triggers the Fenton reaction, which leads to a 400% increase in placental levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG, which directly damages mitochondria in fetal brain cells. II. Mapping the current status of global nutritional imbalance shore​ Main issues​ Typical data​ ​Intervention difficulties​ North America oversupplementation Folic acid exceeded 82%, iron abuse ↑ 37% GDM risk…

    Preparation for pregnancy endocrine disease prevention and control

    Preparation for pregnancy endocrine disease prevention and control

    2025-05-21

    Chapter 1: The endocrine system – the “invisible conductor” of the symphony of life “When I miscarried for the third time, my doctor told me the problem was luteal insufficiency – a term I had never heard before that revolutionized my pregnancy preparation strategy.” Emily Martinez from Los Angeles shares. The human endocrine system is like a sophisticated symphony orchestra, with the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, gonads and other musicians working together to regulate reproductive function through hormonal notes. Once a certain link is out of order, it may cause repeated miscarriages or fetal arrest. Chapter 2: 5 Endocrine Diseases to Be Wary of in Preparation for Pregnancy Symptoms and Mechanisms: Shortened luteal phase (<11 days), irregular menstrual cycles;Inadequate progesterone secretion leads to decreased endometrial tolerance, failure of embryo implantation or early miscarriage. Scientific Data: Luteal insufficiency accounts for 20-25% of recurrent miscarriages;The risk of early miscarriage is increased 3-fold with progesterone <10ng/mL. Solution: Pharmacologic intervention: vaginal progesterone gels (e.g., Crinone®) are absorbed 4x more than oral and avoid hepatic first-pass effects;Monitoring technology: AI-driven progesterone prediction models (e.g., ProgNet developed at MIT) can warn of abnormal luteal function up to 14 days in advance. Symptoms and mechanisms: Non-lactating breast fluid, scanty menstruation or amenorrhea;PRL>50ng/mL inhibits GnRH pulses, leading to anovulation and luteal function defects.CASE ALERT: Berlin surrogate Sophia Clark had 3 consecutive cycles of failed egg retrieval due to untreated high PRL (120ng/mL), and had a successful pregnancy after bromocriptine treatment. Treatment regimen: First-line drug: dopamine agonists (e.g., carbamazepine), which normalize PRL levels in 80% of patients;Surgical options: pituitary microadenomas >1cm need to be surgically resected via the naso-pterygoid sinus. Symptoms and mechanisms: Hypothyroidism: 60% increased risk of miscarriage and impaired fetal neurodevelopment when TSH >4 mIU/L;Hyperthyroidism: up to 25% preterm birth rate in uncontrolled individuals. Cutting-edge findings:…

    Second Generation IVF Technology

    Second Generation IVF Technology (ICSI Technology) on Offspring Health Implications

    2025-05-14

    Chapter 1: Controversy over the Microinjection Technique – Doubts from the Lab to the Crib “When my doctor suggested the ICSI technique, I was both excited and scared – after all, it’s a microsurgical procedure to ‘force’ sperm into an egg.” Emily Martinez from Boston admits as she recalls her IVF experience. Second-generation IVF: Intracytoplasmic microsperm injection (ICSI), or second-generation IVF, has been used by millions of families around the world since the first successful case in 1992. However, the technique has always been accompanied by controversy over the health of the offspring: Invasive procedures: Microinjections can damage the structure of the egg and even interfere with the genetic stability of the embryo;Leapfrogging natural selection: bypassing the sperm competition mechanism and possibly passing on genetic defects that should have been eliminated;Epigenetic risk: animal experiments have shown that ICSI may alter sperm DNA methylation patterns, affecting offspring metabolism and neurodevelopment8.Dr. Michael Greene, director of the Center for Reproductive Medicine at Harvard Medical School, states, “ICSI is a double-edged sword that offers hope to patients with severe male infertility, but misuse can trigger unforeseen consequences.” Chapter 2: The Scientific Intersection of Intelligence and Health – 30 Years of Research Data Revealed “My son was born through ICSI, and now at the age of 12 he excels in his studies, but I’m on tenterhooks every time I have a medical check-up.” Sophia Clark of London speaks for countless ICSI mothers. Warning Signs from Early Research Differences in intellectual development: 2008 study showed that ICSI offspring aged 5-8 years had an average Wechsler IQ score 7 points lower than the naturally conceived group;Motor deficits: 2014 follow-up found that ICSI children scored significantly lower on balance tests than controls;Risk of organ abnormalities: the Chinese study noted that the incidence of urinary tract malformations in ICSI…

    navigation menu

    tatecare

    Georgia Surrogacy Services,Legal IVF Hospital,Global Fertility Agency