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    • Endocrine Disorders Associated with Recurrent Miscarriage: Insights and Management

    2025-03-05

    　For expectant mothers worldwide, pregnancy is a journey filled with hope, but certain endocrine disorders can heighten the risk of miscarriage. These conditions disrupt hormonal balance and reproductive health, requiring targeted clinical and lifestyle interventions. Below, we explore six endocrine disorders linked to recurrent pregnancy loss and evidence-based strategies to mitigate risks. ​I. Endocrine Disorders Linked to Miscarriage　　​Hypothyroidism　　Hypothyroidism reduces metabolic efficiency, leading to fatigue, weight gain, and dry skin. During early pregnancy, the fetus relies entirely on maternal thyroid hormones. Insufficient thyroid function increases miscarriage risk due to impaired fetal development. Proper thyroid hormone replacement therapy is critical for maintaining pregnancy.　　​Hyperprolactinemia　　Elevated prolactin levels disrupt gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses, suppressing ovulation and corpus luteum function. This hormonal imbalance compromises progesterone production, essential for sustaining early pregnancy. Medications like dopamine agonists (e.g., cabergoline) can normalize prolactin levels and improve outcomes.　　​Diabetes Mellitus　　Poor glycemic control in diabetes is associated with miscarriage, fetal malformations, and placental dysfunction. Insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia induce oxidative stress and inflammation, damaging embryonic cells. Preconception glycemic optimization—through insulin therapy or oral hypoglycemics—is vital to reduce risks.　　​Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)　　PCOS, marked by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, contributes to recurrent miscarriage through multiple mechanisms:　　​Obesity and insulin resistance impair endometrial receptivity and promote hypercoagulability.　　​Elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) increases thrombosis risk, disrupting placental blood flow.　　​Hyperandrogenism alters follicular development and ovarian function.　　Treatments include metformin (to improve insulin sensitivity), ovulation induction, and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF.　　​Luteal Phase Defect (LPD)　　LPD involves inadequate progesterone secretion post-ovulation, leading to poor endometrial thickening and implantation failure. It is common in women with irregular cycles or diminished ovarian reserve. Progesterone supplementation during the luteal phase can stabilize the endometrium and support early pregnancy.　　​Endometriosis　　Endometriosis triggers progesterone resistance and chronic inflammation, reducing endometrial receptivity. Pelvic adhesions and tubal blockages further elevate miscarriage risks. Studies show no significant increase in…

    The real key to improving egg quality!

    2025-02-28

    　The question of how to increase and improve egg quality faster in a short period of time has always been the most important concern of all our pregnant sisters. You may have taken a lot of nutritional supplements, and even Chinese and Western medicines, but how can you scientifically and systematically improve the quality of your eggs? Is it possible to improve?　　In fact, to improve the quality of eggs, the dark horse is not biochemical methods or exercise, really behind the scenes to play a major role in the mitochondria! 　　What are mitochondria?　　Mitochondria is an important double membrane structure of the cell organelle, its diameter is about 0.5-1.0 microns. Mitochondria have been compared to the cell’s ‘energy factory’, because it is the main place of aerobic respiration, can convert nutrients into energy for cell use. Its main function is to produce ATP for cellular energy supply, known as the cell’s ‘power plant’, but also in the cell metabolism, calcium homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation and apoptosis also play an important role in the process, is one of the indispensable organelles to maintain the health of the organism.　　Where do mitochondria come from?　　Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is maternally inherited, i.e., a mother passes on mtDNA to all her children, but only her daughters pass on their mtDNA to the next generation. That’s right, this is the only living tie between every human being and their mother.　　In other words, all your mitochondria came from your mum, who got her mitochondria from your grandmother, and your dad’s mitochondria came from your grandmother, but your grandmother’s mitochondria can’t continue to be passed on to you once they reach your dad. Everyone’s mitochondria come from their mother.　　In fact, in the field of genetic diseases, there is a very small percentage of genetic diseases called mitochondrial genetic diseases. These…

    Healthy ‘musts’ for new mums

    2025-02-28

    　　　　After careful preparation for pregnancy,　　October pregnancy and delivery　　The happy mothers who have been blessed with a baby　　After the postnatal period of rest and recuperation　　Have your bodies recovered?　　Today, we will have a chat with you about　　The topic of 42 days postpartum review　　First, why do you need to check around 42 days postpartum?　　Postnatal checkups are usually conducted 42 days after delivery, and can be delayed for 1~2 weeks if there are special circumstances. At the same time, a woman’s body undergoes many changes after pregnancy, especially the uterus, which carries the baby, will increase in size as the foetus grows bigger. During labour, there may be damage to the lining of the uterus and changes to the pelvic structure. After delivery, it usually takes about 42 days for the other organs of the body, except the breasts, to return to the pre-pregnancy level. 　　Second, is postpartum review necessary?　　The answer is: yes!　　What are the items in the 42-day postpartum checkup?　　The 42-day postpartum checkup is crucial for every new mother. The checkups during this period are designed to ensure that the mother’s body is recovering well and to prevent potential health problems. Below is a detailed description of the review items　　1. Weight monitoring: By measuring weight, the doctor can assess how well the mother has regained her weight after delivery, and thus determine whether there is excessive or insufficient weight gain, which is important for maintaining good breast milk quality and physical recovery.　　2. Blood pressure measurement: For mothers with a history of high blood pressure during pregnancy, monitoring blood pressure after delivery is particularly important. Over-exertion or lack of sleep can lead to abnormal blood pressure, so regular monitoring helps to detect problems in time.　　3. Routine blood, urine and leukorrhea tests: Blood tests can assess the overall recovery of the mother’s body after delivery,…

    10 Ways to Improve Egg Quality for IVF Success

    2025-02-28

    　The success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is closely tied to the quality of a woman’s eggs. A decline in egg quality can reduce the chances of a successful pregnancy, which is particularly concerning for women of advanced age. Various factors such as poor lifestyle choices, underlying health issues, and aging can adversely affect mitochondrial function, leading to decreased egg quality. Mitochondria, which are passed down from the mother and play a key role in energy production, can deteriorate over time, resulting in suboptimal eggs. To help enhance mitochondrial function and improve egg quality, consider the following strategies:　　Diet:　　1. Increase Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Intake　　Fresh fruits and vegetables are rich in glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that helps maintain mitochondrial health. Aim for 6 to 9 servings of a variety of colorful vegetables and fruits each day, focusing on dark greens like kale and bright colors like carrots and beets.　　2. Consume Omega-3 Fatty Acids 　　Omega-3 fatty acids are essential components of mitochondrial membranes. Foods high in Omega-3, such as deep-sea fish (mackerel, sardines, herring), nuts, and avocados, can improve mitochondrial function and reduce inflammation. The World Health Organization recommends eating 6 to 12 ounces of these foods weekly, prepared in ways that preserve their nutritional benefits.　　3. Ensure Adequate Calcium Intake　　Calcium is vital for maintaining bone strength, especially during preconception. Incorporate calcium-rich foods like dairy products, leafy greens, and sardines into your diet for sufficient intake.　　4. Follow an Anti-Inflammatory Diet　　Minimize red meat consumption and opt for fish, eggs, or lean meats instead. Incorporate vegetarian meals a few times a week with protein sources like lentils and tofu. Avoid high-inflammation foods such as sugar, white bread, and alcohol.　　Exercise:　　5. Engage in Regular, Moderate-Intense Exercise　　Regular aerobic exercises can stimulate mitochondrial autophagy—essentially, the body’s way of refreshing its mitochondria. Consider including strength training and high-intensity interval training…

    Uterine Cavity Adhesion – A Roadblock on the Way to Pregnancy Preparation

    2025-02-28

    　　　　Uterine adhesion is a common gynaecological disease that seriously affects a woman’s fertility.　　The endometrium is the ‘soil’ where the fertilised egg takes root, the embryo is formed after the fertilisation of the sperm and the egg, and at the same time, the endometrium is actively preparing for the arrival of the embryo; when the development of the embryo and the endometrium are in the same pace, the blastocysts and the endometrium in a receptive state will be in further intimate contact, and the blastocysts will eventually burrow into the endometrial layer, and the embryo trophoblasts and the endometrial layer establish a close connection and begin to take root. The trophoblast layer of the embryo establishes a close relationship with the endometrium and begins to take root, which is embryo implantation. 　　Once the uterine cavity adhesion occurs, the missing endometrium will affect the fertilised egg to settle in the uterine cavity, leading to infertility; in addition, the lack of blood supply and hormonal support of the endometrium will not be able to provide sufficient nutrients for the embryo, leading to repeated failure of implantation of the embryo, embryonic arrest, miscarriage and other undesirable pregnancy outcomes.　　I. What is Uterine Adhesion?　　Uterine adhesion is a secondary endometrial disease in which multiple factors cause damage to the basal layer of the endometrium and fibrotic repair predominantly occurs. During the endometrial repair process, fibro-muscular adhesion bands are formed between the inner walls of the uterine cavity, which can lead to a smaller volume of the uterine cavity, abnormal uterine cavity morphology, and in severe cases, can lead to the closure of the uterine cavity.　　Histologically, adhesion of the uterine cavity shows the absence of normal endometrium, endometrial fibrosis, glands are covered by columnar epithelial cells without secretion function, some interstitium may be calcified or ossified, the glands…

    IVF Guide – Follicle Number ≠ Egg Number

    2025-02-28

    　　　　I believe that many IVF sisters have the same question, why is the number of follicles in the ultrasound examination different from the number of eggs obtained after the egg retrieval surgery? Are follicles equal to eggs? In fact, in the known part of the reason to see, IVF just in the egg retrieval link, may be damaged about 10%, can be very sure to tell you that the number of follicles does not represent the number of eggs retrieved. 　　So what is the reason for the high number of empty follicles found at egg retrieval? Today we will take you to find out.　　Follicle count ≠ actual number of eggs retrieved　　First of all, the number of follicles can be said to be the most concerned part of IVF sisters, because we often say that the number of basic follicles is directly related to the success rate of IVF. So how much difference will there be between the number of follicles monitored by ultrasound and the number of eggs retrieved in the end? Let’s take a look at the real feedback from three clients:　　Client A　　When I underwent follicle monitoring during ovulation, my doctor told me that the number of eggs I was eligible for retrieval through ultrasound was predicted to be only six. However, after going through the night shot and egg retrieval procedure, my egg retrieval result was 10, and the final result of the sac raising had 2 blastocysts of 4aa, and 1 successful implantation, which was a pleasant surprise for me.　　Client B　　When I did IVF for the first time, I went to a very famous public hospital. During the pre-checkup, the ultrasound examination showed that there were about 12 follicles on both sides of my body, but I didn’t realise that there were only 6 usable eggs retrieved…

    Why are more and more people choosing to go to Georgia for IVF?

    2025-02-28

    　　　　IVF in Georgia　　It is well known that IVF is a quality option for couples who desire to have a child but do not have the means to conceive naturally. However, even choosing IVF does not mean smooth sailing, and there are many cases where things do not go as well as they should, such as failed IVF attempts and long preparation for pregnancy. 　　In this case, travelling to Georgia for IVF has become a new ray of hope for many families who have failed IVF or who have been preparing for pregnancy for a long time. Georgia has won the trust of many families due to its advanced technology and scientific process, which is one of the reasons why more and more people choose to go to Georgia for IVF. Let’s take a comprehensive look at what are the outstanding advantages of IVF in Georgia.　　01　　World’s leading IVF success rate　　According to the World Medical Association, the success rate of IVF in Georgia can reach more than 80%. The high success rate data clearly conveys the professionalism of the facilities and the excellent technical skills of the assisted reproduction specialists.　　Reproductive hospitals in Georgia generally have advanced embryo laboratories, including micromanipulators, sac ring incubators, spindle observation systems, laser membrane breakers, CO2 incubators, PH meters, ICSI equipment, incubators, CodaAir air purification systems, etc., which guarantee the smooth running of the entire IVF operation.　　In addition to having advanced medical equipment, it is also indispensable to have highly responsible professional assisted reproduction specialists. When doing IVF in Georgia, the medication in the early stage is very strict, and the IVF experts will use the medication appropriately according to each patient’s physical condition. Subsequently, egg retrieval, sperm-egg binding, cystic ring screening, cystic ring transfer to successful pregnancy are all under the responsibility of one doctor, who monitors…

    Egg Freezing OR Embryo Freezing, What’s the Difference?

    2025-02-28

    　　　　Egg freezing or embryo freezing　　How to choose?　　Many IVF expectant parents will come across the situation of not having children for the time being but want to preserve their fertility, at this time, egg freezing or embryo freezing is the question of many expectant parents. Why is it that some women of similar age are recommended to undergo egg freezing while others are recommended to undergo embryo freezing? Which of the two has a higher success rate? …… These are some of the more popular questions, and today Jabra will analyse them in detail to see which one is suitable for your own situation. 　　Part1 Definition　　👉 Egg freezing: i.e. freezing eggs. It means that under the condition that the woman’s mother is healthy, through the doctor’s guidance to promote ovulation, the eggs are frozen to avoid the quality of eggs decreasing with the aging of the body. Frozen eggs are in a dormant state and will not continue to grow and develop, nor will they age over time, nor will their genetic material be affected. Eggs can be frozen for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years or even longer depending on your needs. When you want to have children, you can thaw the eggs and use them. It is important to note that the older a woman gets, the more her ovarian function declines and the number and quality of her eggs decreases significantly. There is little point in freezing and preserving problematic eggs, so it is recommended that women undergo egg freezing before the age of 35 to obtain a larger number of better quality eggs.　　👉 Frozen Embryos: i.e. frozen embryos. It means that after the doctor helps the mother-to-be to promote ovulation and retrieve eggs, the sperm eggs will be cultured into blastocysts, and the healthy embryos will be…

    Step 1 in Improving Fertility: Regulating Hormonal Balance

    2025-02-28

    When women planning for pregnancy want to assess their fertility, one of the essential tests is the six – hormone assay for sex hormones. Although it is a simple blood test, it can potentially reveal the reasons why a woman has long failed to conceive naturally or has experienced repeated failures in in – vitro fertilization (IVF). Today, TCC will guide you through understanding why we consider hormonal balance as the first step in enhancing fertility.

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